Literary essay
College Level Environmental Science Topics For Research Paper
Thursday, August 27, 2020
A reasonable Doubt
My companion had been remaining with his better half and his girlfriendââ¬â¢s closest companion in one space for a time of one year when he got blamed for assault and condemned to 15 years detainment. This has truly influenced me and the way that in the wake of serving for a long time the informer came out and said it was a plot to get him since she really liked him!It was in an unassuming community in the edges of the fundamental city. Lodging was costly and as we were attempting to accomplish a couple of dreams of our lives, we didnââ¬â¢t consider leasing a major house a need since our salary was not really. I had grown up along with Ian and we knew each other so well. We shared the vast majority of our dreams.When Ian met Julie the affection for his heart, he was certain to such an extent that she was the lady for her. They had dated for at some point and up and down the dating time frame Julie was offering a space to some other two companions of hers. One of which was her c losest companion while the other was a young lady they had been along with in the university.They realized that from the beginning they would turn out to be monetarily steady and each would go their way when their pay could permit them to bear the cost of lease every one on her own.When Julie and Ian chose to come and live respectively, it was from the start not troublesome since the two young ladies shared the lease between themselves. Julie and Ian had remained together for 3 months when a need stimulate for Karen to move out of the town. (Karen is the other young lady from the college who was currently left living with Tina) Tina is Julieââ¬â¢s best friend.When the news came to Julie that Karen was wanting to leave the town she was somewhat stressed over her closest companion since she realized that Tina would not bear to live in there alone.However it was an intense thing to consider since the main left choice was to inquire as to whether he could permit Tina to come and rema in with them regardless of whether for certain days before she get somebody to impart a space to or maybe until she could stand to remain alone.She realized that she needed to get ready on the best way to deal with present this solicitation to Ian. She was concerned that might be it may turn out that Ian would decline that sort of a thing.But she expected to ask him the soonest conceivable. An idea came into her that it is important to initially address Tina possibly she may have an alternate idea.She made her short excursion and visited her closest companion whom she found in tears. They talked in the wake of ameliorating her and Tina was glad to have understood that her companion considered her in such manners. She realized that her concern was half understood since the main outstanding part was presently to approach Ian. They concurred that when Ian gave an input Julie would let Tina know soonest possible.When Tina got back that night she was so eager yet she thought that it was difficult to begin it to Ian. It was until Ian seen that her fixation was separated and that she appeared to be somewhat upset. Ian strolled to where Julie had sat and sat on the arm of the seat that she had involved. He took a gander at her with concern and asked her ââ¬Ësweetheart is everything alright? How was your day?ââ¬â¢Julie knew directly inside her this was the ideal second; she realized that a possibility had come and she was not going to burn through whenever about it. She answered to him ââ¬Ëeverything has been fine yet I just stressed over my closest companion Tina, she is as a rule left by Karen in that room we used to live the three of us. Karen needs to move out of this town as she has a vocation somewhere else so she is just around here for a month.The issue here is that we had picked to remain the three of us since none could manage the cost of living alone. Only three months after I left Tina to remain with Karen now Karen is going to leave. Tina can not manage the cost of it aloneââ¬â¢. As she talked all these Ian just tuned in without interference yet when she presented Ian asked ââ¬Ëso what is the problem?Are you recommending that you need to return there?ââ¬â¢ she realized this would stress Ian, he would effectively have in his room thus she said to him ââ¬Ëyou see that is the main other choice since it probably won't be perfect to you to have her here remaining with usââ¬â¢ do you think Tina consent to come and remain with us? This was Ian inquiring. Julie revealed to him that she didn't know about it but rather in the event that Ian would not have an issue with it, at that point she would ask Tina when they met next about it.Then Ian said; ââ¬Ë that isn't something to stress over to the point of losing focus, everything will be alright for her, we can remain with her in the event that she concurs on the off chance that she won't, at that point it implies she has a superior choice and in this manner the diffic ult will be fathomed.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Social Networking: The Death of Privacy? Essay -- Social Media, Facebo
à à à à à à à à à à à à Social systems have become an inexorably well known route for individuals to convey in the course of the most recent decade. Regardless of whether it is through a divider post, an image, a video, or a connection, clients can share stories and insights concerning their lives through interpersonal organizations, for example, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and YouTube. Imprint Zuckerberg, a Harvard understudy who hacked the universityââ¬â¢s system to acquire photographs and data about different understudies nearby, made Facebook in 2004. Today, Facebook has more than one billion week by week dynamic clients. As indicated by data found on Facebookââ¬â¢s site, ââ¬Å"[M]illions of individuals use Facebook consistently to stay aware of companions, transfer a boundless number of photographs, share connections and recordings, and become familiar with the individuals they meet.â⬠à à However, if the man behind the entirety of this was a programmer himself, what may this say about the security of the site itself?à à Just how safe is this site and others? à à à à à à à à à à à à The reality of the situation is long range interpersonal communication locales are just as protected as a client makes them.à Unfortunately, a significant number of the free security settings accessible for clients on the web are not the default. To ensure themselves, clients must make certain to blue pencil what they post on the web and actuate the fitting protection settings to make sure about their data. People who share their own data online must understand that anything they present has the potential on be seen by a large number of individuals on the web, not simply their companions. As creators Dianne Timm and Carolyn Duven suggest,ââ¬Å"[W]hen an individual offers data on an interpersonal interaction site, the person in question is imparting that data to the remainder of the world regardless of whether the goal was to impart to just a select gathering of peopleâ⬠(Timm and Duven 90). The truth o... ...Chief. Web. 25 Apr. 2015. Marsico Jr., Edward M. Long range informal communication Websites: Are Myspace And Facebook The Fingerprints Of The Twenty-First Century?à Widener Law Journalâ 19.3 (2010): 967-976.à Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Mar. 2015. Mill operator, Robert, Kristine Parsons, and David Lifer. Understudies And Social Networking Sites: The Posting Paradox.à Behaviour and Information Technologyâ 29.4 (2010): 377-382.à Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. Teclehaimanot, Berhane, and Torey Hickman. Understudy Teacher Interaction On Facebook: What Students Find Appropriate.à Techtrends: Linking Research and Practice To Improve Learning 55.3 (2011): 19-30.Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Apr. 2015 Timm, Dianne M., and Carolyn J. Duven. Security And Social Networking Sites.à New Directions For Student Servicesâ 124 (2008): 89-101.à Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Feb. 2015.
A Young Womans Fantasy in The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry James
A Young Woman's Fantasy in The Turn of the Screw à â â The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, is an odd anecdote about a young lady who, leaving her little nation home just because, accepts a position as a tutor in a well off household.â Shortly after her appearance, she starts to experience the ill effects of sleep deprivation and likes that she sees phantoms wandering about the grounds.â James is an ace narrator and, now and again, the complexities of the story make it hard to follow.â The Turn of the Screw is a story inside a story, the story of the tutor being perused out loud as an apparition story among friends.â Harold C. Goddard composed an intriguing bit of analysis entitled A Pre Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw.â When applied to the book, his hypothesis makes flawless sense.â Goddard proposes that the tutor, youthful and unpracticed, quickly experiences passionate feelings for her boss during their meeting.â because of her lonely love, her overactive psyche makes a dream wherein the two phantom s plan to hurt the kids, so as to make herself a courageous woman, along these lines getting the consideration of her manager. à à â â â Goddard calls attention to that the young lady is unsteady from the beginning.â We discover minimal about her experience, then again, actually she is the most youthful of a few girls of a poor nation parson (4).â It turns out to be quickly evident to the peruser that such an extraordinary difference in condition as she encounters is cause enough for her to encounter outrageous anxiety.â Indeed, she tells Mrs. Grose, I'm somewhat effectively diverted away.â I was conveyed in London! (8).â After her meeting with her potential business, the man from Harley Street and the uncle of her young charges, she continues endlessly about the man, adulating him and ... ... that frequent the grounds.â The story is told through the voice of the tutor, which, thinking of her as mental state, makes it hard to interpret what is really occurring.â There are numerous inquiries that are never replied, rather, they are surrendered over to the peruser to choose. Works Cited and Consulted Freud, Sigmund. An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1969. Goddard, Harold C. A Pre Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw. New York: Hillary House Publishers, 1960. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. The Turn of the Screw and Other Short Novels. New York: New American Library, 1995. Nunning, Ansgar. Problematic Narrator. Encyclopedia of the Novel. Ed. Paul Schellinger. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998. 1386-1388. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Tales of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. A Young Woman's Fantasy in The Turn of the Screw Essay - Henry James A Young Woman's Fantasy in The Turn of the Screw à â â The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, is an odd anecdote about a young lady who, leaving her little nation home just because, accepts a position as a tutor in a well off household.â Shortly after her appearance, she starts to experience the ill effects of a sleeping disorder and likes that she sees apparitions meandering about the grounds.â James is an ace narrator and, on occasion, the complexities of the story make it hard to follow.â The Turn of the Screw is a story inside a story, the story of the tutor being perused out loud as a phantom story among friends.â Harold C. Goddard composed an intriguing bit of analysis entitled A Pre Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw.â When applied to the book, his hypothesis makes impeccable sense.â Goddard proposes that the tutor, youthful and unpracticed, promptly begins to look all starry eyed at her manager during their meeting.â because of her lonely love, her overactive brain makes a dream wherein the two phan toms mean to hurt the youngsters, so as to make herself a courageous woman, in this manner getting the consideration of her boss. à à â â â Goddard calls attention to that the young lady is flimsy from the beginning.â We discover minimal about her experience, then again, actually she is the most youthful of a few little girls of a poor nation parson (4).â It turns out to be quickly evident to the peruser that such a radical difference in condition as she encounters is cause enough for her to encounter extraordinary anxiety.â Indeed, she tells Mrs. Grose, I'm fairly handily diverted away.â I was conveyed in London! (8).â After her meeting with her potential boss, the man from Harley Street and the uncle of her young charges, she continues endlessly about the man, adulating him and ... ... that frequent the grounds.â The story is told through the voice of the tutor, which, thinking of her as mental state, makes it hard to decode what is really occurring.â There are numerous inquiries that are never replied, rather, they are surrendered over to the peruser to choose. Works Cited and Consulted Freud, Sigmund. An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1969. Goddard, Harold C. A Pre Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw. New York: Hillary House Publishers, 1960. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. The Turn of the Screw and Other Short Novels. New York: New American Library, 1995. Nunning, Ansgar. Untrustworthy Narrator. Encyclopedia of the Novel. Ed. Paul Schellinger. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998. 1386-1388. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Tales of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984.
Friday, August 21, 2020
The Societal Impact Of The Internet Essay free essay sample
The Societal Impact Of The Internet. Article, Research Paper In our advanced society, building has affected our lives in about each feature possible. Our life way has gotten one of the new ages, covering great with strands of new building every twenty-four hours. In the event that you would end for a moment and brush upon recollections from your relative days of old, you unnecessarily can perceive what an effect designing has had, each piece great as the advancement it has embraced. Ten mature ages prior individuals could non hold envisioned how unique their lives would be. Today numerous families contain at any rate one individualized computing machine. The most straightforward of things have all changed on history of more up to date, better, quicker and progressively proficient signifiers of cutting edge designing. An essential point of convergence can be taken altogether on the effect registering machines have had in our evolving universe. Be that as it may, I as a student would like to get the range much more remote, as to break down the e ffect the Internet has had upon individuals and their lives. It is protected to assume that about everyone has caught wind of the Internet, and many have encountered it. The Internet is a conglobation of overall networks connected together, which we as clients have open dish to. The truly start of the Internet comprised of four head processing machines connected together, which they called the ARPANET ( Shelly-Cashman,7.3 ) . The U.S. Branch of Defense subsidized this underlying web. These processing machines where nil like the Internet we are aware of today, they just moved data in a truly harsh way, yet at the same time it was the start. The main parts of the bargains web were to make an arrangement of connected registering machines over a nation of land, which would be run regardless of whether one of the four figuring machines broke down. The second goal was to let researchers to parcel discernment and informations over the given nation of land ( Shelly - Cashman,7.3 ) . Today the Internet goes over the Earth, fusing data a long ways past that of which it s Godheads ever envisioned. Initially the Internet was assume to join only that data refering the logical controls, however as it advanced, the entertainment aims of the clients got observable. To day of the month, the Internet contains data on about any subject, topographic point, and so forth. Favorable circumstances of the Internet are its speed, limit and minimal effort. These truly includes are the fixings to the renewal of our general public, as designing progresss, individuals have gotten progressively anxious to have the most conceivable, at all total of clasp for the least whole of cost. The Internet has permitted our universe non just to spread out, yet the Internet has added some alone goes to the universe we presently live in. Twenty mature ages prior, on the off chance that you expected to procure foundation data on an exceptional subject for school, work or relaxation, you needed to make it at a library, or comparable establishment, which simply permit ted you dish during their anxiety hours. Today society has entered the Information Superhighway. This name is ordinarily connected with the Internet, as it is the start of something that has neer been seen previously. One can procure data, give data and base on balls it along to individual else in an issue of proceedingss. People groups have course to shopping, others, data and other topographic focuses. The Internet permits us to expand our discussing channels with others around the Earth, parcel what they offer, and dislodge it further all through the network.In add-on to these incredible points of interest the Internet offers us, there are numerous disservices that compare. Expanded conveying has both profited our general public, each piece great as injury it. The Internet has reared another coevals of offense and unconfined pernicious information.When a client signs on the Internet he has the pick with respect to the data he/she decides to see, however the burden is that there i s a gigantic entirety of data on the Internet that whenever applied dishonestly could throb numerous individuals. An ideal representation can be found in the ongoing ruinous mass killing in Littleton, Colorado. The two male childs who submitted this unpleasant demonstration had been imparting their projects over the Internet to other people, designs that included how-to messages for making explosives. Different messages they sent contained perilous comments coordinated at individual equivalents of their class whom they did non like. These kinds of utilization on the Internet are what have made another age of criminals. Ten mature ages back, there where non any Internet offenses, individuals didn t even recognize what that term implied. However in today s society the effect of the Internet can be seen on a head prosecutor ily balance in papers, magazines and media. Web offenses run from processing machine misrepresentation to killing. Governments have needed to larn to cover with this new condemnable part. The central worry with the Internet is that there is no existent department or gathering vested to order it s content, consequently leting the client to be entirely free regarding what they read, or flexibly on the Internet itself. In add-on to the more awful disservices to the utilization of the Internet, the Internet has other than made Internet medicate addicts, individuals whom burn through broadened times of clasp on the web. In a study led by Viktor Brenner of the University of Buffalo, Viktor endeavors to indicate the footings of Internet reliance, each piece great as devise insights to name to this new marvel. There are individuals whom are signed on the Internet each of the twenty-four hours, if non all dim, losing sleep, doing bothers in family unit life, and putting some distance between other existent individuals around them because of their reliance to the Internet. In spite of the fact that Viktor s review was non finished, he expressed that many are dependent on shoot the breeze suites, pornography destinations and web surfboarding as a rule. It is intriguing to see the terminal choices to this study, on the grounds that being an Internet client I could perceive what number of individuals could g o dependent on the Internet. The data primary street has extremely not many limits ; Internet reliance is strongly a possibility.In examining the Internet and its drawbacks, one can plainly observe that it s points of interest out of sight it s weaknesses. The Internet is other than answerable for some incredible accomplishments as great. It has furnished the universe with a 24-hour area shop, everlasting entertainment and improved channels of conveying as referenced before. The Internet has made individuals in certain examples 1000000s of dollars, through the use of electronic exchanging of stocks and different protections. Not to advert that it has given Internet Service Providers, for example, America On-line, Netscape and Bill Gates ( Microsoft ) each with their ain little karma. The Internet permits clients to put orders for buys, look into stocks and sell stocks with the basic bit of their mouse. Beside the things it brings to the table in the retail and fund businesses, the I nternet has given individuals probably the best favorable position of all, that is expanded conveying, at a truly ease. You can sign on and converse with companions and relations around the universe, even run into new companions in topographic focuses you neer knew about. In add-on this has permitted expanded imparting for worries to use each piece great. As recognized in an Internet related article, concerns are presently using the Internet to pass on the other hand of the telephone. The expense suffered by the Internet is far lower than the expenses of the use of telephones, copied and mail. The straightforward abatement in paper utilization totally would rescue organizations 1000s every twelvemonth. On the off chance that you can coordinate email, why wage postage, in the event that you can filter a papers why compensation copy charges, and on the off chance that you can videoconference why wage for a call? Businesss have figured out how to use the Internet as an apparatus, an ex tremely significant device so. The expense of Internet administrations for the mean client is about $ 20 every month, there is no way anybody could squash this money related worth in the event that they utilized the copy to coordinate messages, or get off a reminder each clasp they just expected to state hullo to a companion. As the Internet keeps on turning and grow so will we as clients, forming into whatever the Internet shapes us to be. The total effect of the Internet is difficult to buttockss, in light of the fact that it is as yet modifying, yet indeed, something that might be lost in the imperishable accounts about the Internet, Internet organizations and Internet [ clients ] is this really is an upheaval # 8211 ; yet like most truly significant adjustments, it is an unrest estimated in decennaries, non hebdomads and months, and no 1, including the most immediate members, genuinely knows how it will change our lives ( Burns ) BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE 1. Identifying Computer 98 ; A Link to the Future. Shelly, B. Gary, Cashman, J. Thomas, Waggoner, A. Gloria, Waggoner, C. William. Shelly Cashman arrangement 1998, ( page 7.3 ) .2. Web is an upheaval for the # 8217 ; 90s. The Dallas Morning News, Copyright A ; transcript 1996 The Dallas Morning News All Rights Reserved, 08-04-1996, pp 1H.3. It is safe to say that you are Addicted To The Internet? . Newsbytes News Network. Copyright A ; transcript 1996 Newsbytes News Network. , 02-12-19964. A Broken Society. The London Free Press. Last Edition, Editorial/Opinion Section Copyright A ; transcript 1999, from The London Free Press.
Essay Topics for Theology
Essay Topics for TheologyExamining essay topics for your Pope exam may seem like a daunting task. This is especially true when you are considering essay topics that include politics, religion and philosophy. With so many subjects to consider, how can you be sure you are selecting the right topic? How can you make sure your topic will be interesting enough to keep your students interested?The first thing you should do before you even start looking for essay topics is to sit down and prepare a list of your research questions. This will help ensure that you choose the right type of essay for the type of class you are teaching. There are plenty of books available on the subject selection, which will give you all the advice you need in this area.Focus on the kind of topics that you have done well in the past. Take a few minutes to examine your favorite books or articles and see what subjects interest you. You will find that this is a great way to determine the types of topics that will wo rk best for you as a teacher.Determine which topics are going to be easy for you to teach and which ones will require some work. Make a list of your research questions and then work on the easiest ones first. Make sure you start your essays on topics that are easy and teach students how to write papers quickly.You will want to select topics which can focus on new ideas and improve your writing skills by using short sentences and reading comprehension skills. Each essay will be graded based on the content of the essay and how well the student wrote the paper. Therefore, you want to make sure that your topic is going to show how to write effective essays.Take the time to write about the points that you want to discuss, but also summarize important points. This helps your students understand your point of view better and gives them a chance to think about the points you wish to discuss. By focusing on summarizing the points you wish to discuss in your essay, you can easily illustrate h ow to write a good essay.Determine which type of topic is appropriate for the type of class you are teaching. If your classes are about American History, you may want to focus on topics about American Presidents. If your classes are about the Middle Ages, you may want to focus on Medieval topics.You may find that the most difficult concepts you have to deal with in your class do not fit well into the category of essay topics. In this case, you may find it more helpful to look at some historical events rather than writing a paper about how to write a paper. Whether your students' topic is Religious History or Middle Ages, the main idea is to teach them how to be an effective essay writer.
Sunday, June 28, 2020
Nurture or Nature The Gentleman Versus the Guttersnipe - Literature Essay Samples
Many individuals are adept at recognizing changes in their environment, others, and themselves. To these people, whatever the change might be-a new hairstyle, a new article of clothing, or an affected spoken dialect-rarely goes unnoticed. Sometimes, however, even these keen and perceptive individuals fail to recognize a most conspicuous and striking transformation. In George Bernard Shaws play, Pygmalion, the protagonist, Henry Higgins, a noted master of language, fails to recognize a dramatic, emotional change in one of his creations, the flower girl of Covent Garden Market. The conflict that exists between these characters is that the impregnable faÃÆ'Ã §ade of social distinction and personal appearance masks the true reality of their natures; this classic man-versus- man conflict is the basis of the play. An English gentleman of the Victorian period was supposed to be polite, patient, helpful, and above all, compassionate. None of these words describe the highly respected s cholar and gentleman, Henry Higgins. The eccentric, energetic, and short-tempered Professor Higgins dominates any situation in which he participates due to the directness of his barked commands. The perceptive reader understands that none of these traits should be used to identify an English gentleman of the nineteenth century. For example, when Higgins terrifies a flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, under the portico of Saint Pauls Church in Covent Garden by writing down her every word, Eliza desperately pleads with the onlookers not to allow this coppers nark to arrest her. Higgins brusquely denies any association with the police saying, Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman? (7). Higgins abrupt entrance and boorish response to Elizas expressed fears portray his callous lack of regard for other peoples feelings. Likewise, when Eliza appears at Higgins door to accept his challenge to teach her proper English and to make her a lady, he insults her. Higgins does not dem onstrate even a hint of courtesy towards Eliza and openly calls her dirty and deliciously low; he treats her as if she were a muddy dog that has been let loose in the living room as he shouts orders such as Sit down and Hold your tongue. After Colonel Pickering reminds Higgins of his boast to transform this squashed cabbage leaf and bets that Higgins cannot accomplish such a feat, Higgins tramples over all opposition. He ignores Elizas ignorant terror and Mrs. Pearces matronly disapproval. He harshly demands that Eliza be scrubbed, dressed in clean clothing, and taught the niceties of social etiquette. Higgins becomes absorbed in her as an experiment since she has been reduced to an object that it pleases him to study. Thus, the reader recognizes that the short-tempered, insensitive, and disrespectful Henry Higgins, while highly respected by the bon ton, possesses only the superficial characteristics of a gentleman. Wealthy, educated Londoners, such as Henry Higgins, often vi ewed the many poor and uneducated citizens of their city as crass, vulgar, and committed to corruption and immorality. While Eliza Doolittle is certainly a member of the poor, uneducated class, she possesses none of the characteristics associated with them. Having been turned out of her home by her father and stepmother because she was capable of looking after herself, Eliza manages to stay alive by selling flowers on various London street corners. Elizas admirable efforts to remain a good girl prove that she is a young woman who possesses exceptional qualities of mind and heart and a definite standard of proper behavior. Thus, although Eliza needs much refinement concerning the social etiquette and proper conduct of the aristocratic upper class, she already possesses a solid foundation of integrity and principle, the internal qualities of a true lady. The readers respect for Elizas character deepens after she meets Henry Higgins who is determined to transform her into a duches s. Because Eliza is clear in her own mind concerning her goals in life, she sees Professor Higgins challenge as an opportunity to better herself through hard work rather than a handout or a free lunch. Elizas potential to evolve externally into a genteel lady is astounding. After a bath, Eliza is attractive. Dressed in decent clothing, Eliza is stylish and eye-catching. Finally, after much hard work with Higgins, Elizas quick ear for sounds enables her to speak the language of Shakespeare and Milton better than most scholars. In each of these situations, Elizas physical change mirrors one of her positive character traits. Elizas newfound cleanliness reflects her inward purity; her fashionable dress parallels her inward beauty; and her newly acquired manners and speech represent her willingness to work for what she wants. Consequently, the reader realizes that while this creature already possesses the necessary character traits of a genuine lady, Eliza Doolittles external app earance now corresponds to the beauty of her soul. During the progress of Elizas transformation, a profound human relationship begins to develop, partly unnoticed, but in conflict with the original arrangement of teacher and pupil. When Eliza and Higgins initially meet, Higgins bullies and orders the unsuspecting Eliza to change so that the poor flower girl, who was once condemned to the gutter, manages to acquire new manners, new speech, and a new sense of self. Combined with her former independence, self-sufficiency, and virtue, Elizas new talents and fresh outlook on her position in the world form a being who is beautiful in all aspects. Despite having such beauty in his presence daily, Higgins ignores it and continues to focus on Eliza as an object, an experiment, or a challenge. Higgins refuses to recognize Elizas individuality and her status as an equal so much so that he calls her a thing that he has molded from squashed cabbage leaves. Higgins is perfectly content with Elizas remaining in his household as a servant, someone to fetch and carry his slippers, run errands, and remember his scheduled appointments. While Eliza does not mind these duties, she does resent being a thing of convenience. Thus, the climax of the conflict occurs after Higgins and Eliza, joined by Colonel Pickering, return to Wimpole Street from the royal reception ball and the men totally ignore Eliza. Higgins states that the experiment is possibly his greatest achievement; ironically, however, Higgins greatest failure is not realizing that Eliza is a young women of kind heart, gentle nature, and a willing spirit who wonders whats to become of me? Whats to become of me? (72). Even Pickering, the ever-courteous and polite gentleman, fails to acknowledge Elizas role in the success of the bet. When Higgins states, Thank God its over! (70), he fails to realize the meaning his statement holds for Eliza. Continuing his selfish soliloquy, Higgins comforts himself by saying he will never try such an undertaking again; the whole thing [experiment of making Eliza a lady] has been simple purgatory (71). With these words, Higgins shatters Elizas hopes for a future for herself. She believes that as an experiment she will be dismantled of disposed. Thus, when Higgins has the temerity to give Eliza his breakfast order, Eliza overreacts so much so that she declares, Oh God! I wish I was dead (73). Having been greatly wounded by Higgins unemotional attitude towards her, Eliza, in turn, reduces him to a state of helpless fury by addressing him with great propriety as sir to underscore the servility of her situation. She rubs salt in the wounds when she inquires if she will be permitted to keep her clothing when she leaves his residence. While the experiment is still dressed in her regal finery, Eliza manages to cause Higgins to lose his temper while she reclaims some of her independence. Each of these individuals has lost a valuable part of his/h er independence over the course of their working relationship; each of them causes the other great pain rather than the joy that should come from the accomplishment of their undertaking. The resolution of their situation is unsatisfying to the readers heart but acceptable because of the reality of who each person is; Higgins is too set in his ways to realize that his callous attitude toward others adversely affects all of his human relationships. Similarly, Eliza is too uncertain of her new status to feel comfortable in the presence of members of Victorian high society and to refined to return to Covent Garden as a flower girl. The conflict of Pygmalion resides in the fact that social distinction and personal appearance often mask the true reality of an individuals character. Henry Higgins, while possessing the title of a gentleman, fails to live up to the chivalrous standards of his social class. Eliza Doolittle, while possessing a kind, virtuous nature befitting a lady, l acks social stature and refinement. At the climax of the conflict, the reader recognizes that although Eliza Doolittles outer appearance has changed to mirror her inner nature, Henry Higgins social class still offers a front for his ungentlemanly character. Higgins remark, I said Id make a woman of you; and I have, has become true to some extent; as a lady, however, Eliza has surpassed Higgins ability to create. The lingering hope in the readers mind is that he will always encourage every person to cherish and become their geniune selves.
Monday, May 25, 2020
The An Lushan Rebellion in Tang China
The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynastys army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Along the way, it nearly brought one of Chinas most glorious dynasties to an early and ignominious end. An almost unstoppable military force, the An Lushan Rebellion controlled both capitals of the Tang Dynasty for most of the rebellion, but internal conflicts eventually brought an end to the short-lived Yan Dynasty. Origins of Unrest In the middle of the 8th century, Tang China was embroiled in a number of wars around its borders. It lost the Battle of Talas, in what is now Kyrgyzstan, to an Arab army in 751. It also was unable to defeat the southern kingdom of Nanzhao ââ¬â based in modern-day Yunnan ââ¬â losing thousands of troops in an attempt to put down the rebellious kingdom. The only military bright spot for Tang was their limited success against Tibet. All of these wars were expensive and the Tang court was quickly running out of money. The Xuanzong Emperor looked to his favorite general to turn the tide ââ¬â General An Lushan, a military man probably of Sogdian and Turkic origin. Xuangzong appointed An Lushan commander of three garrisons totaling more than 150,000 troops which were stationed along the upper Yellow River. A New Empire On December 16, 755, General An Lushan mobilized his army and marched against his Tang employers, using the excuse of insults from his rival at court, Yang Guozhong, moving from the area that is now Beijing along the Grand Canal, capturing the Tang eastern capital at Luoyang. There, An Lushan announced the formation of a new empire, called the Great Yan, with himself as the first emperor. He then pushed on toward the primary Tang capital at Changan ââ¬â now Xian; along the way, the rebel army treated anyone who surrendered well, so numerous soldiers and officials joined the rebellion. An Lushan decided to seize southern China quickly, to cut off the Tang from reinforcements. However, it took his army more than two years to capture Henan, severely dampening their momentum. In the meantime, the Tang emperor hired 4,000 Arab mercenaries to help defend Changan against the rebels. Tang troops took up highly defensible positions in all of the mountain passes leading to the capital, completely blocking An Lushans progress. Turn of the Tide Just when it seemed that the Yan rebel army would have no chance to capture Changan, An Lushans old nemesis Yang Guozhong made a devastating mistake. He ordered the Tang troops to leave their posts in the mountains and attack An Lushans army on flat ground. General An crushed the Tang and their mercenary allies, laying the capital open to attack. Yang Guozhong and the 71-year-old Xuanzong Emperor fled south toward Sichuan as the rebel army entered Changan. The emperors troops demanded that he execute the incompetent Yang Guozhong or face a mutiny, so under intense pressure Xuanzong ordered his friend to commit suicide when they stopped in what is now Shaanxi. When the imperial refugees reached Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of one of his younger sons, the 45-year-old Emperor Suzong. Tangs new emperor decided to hire reinforcements for his decimated army. He brought in an additional 22,000 Arab mercenaries andà a large number of Uighur soldiers ââ¬â Muslim troops who intermarried with local women and helped form the Hui ethnolinguistic group in China. With these reinforcements, the Tang Army was able to retake both of the capitals at Changan and at Luoyang in 757. An Lushan and his army retreated east. End of the Rebellion Fortunately for the Tang Dynasty, An Lushans Yan Dynasty soon began to disintegrate from within. In January of 757, the Yan emperors son, An Qingxu, became upset by his fathers threats against the sons friends at court. An Qingxu killed his father An Lushan and then was killed in turn by An Lushans old friend Shi Siming. Shi Siming continued An Lushans program, retaking Luoyang from the Tang, but he also was killed by his own son in 761 ââ¬â the son, Shi Chaoyi, proclaimed himself the new emperor of Yan, but quickly became quite unpopular. Meanwhile in Changan, the sickly Emperor Suzong abdicated in favor of his 35-year-old son, who became Emperor Daizong in May 762. Daizong took advantage of the turmoil and patricide in Yan, recapturing Luoyang in the winter of 762. By this time ââ¬â sensing that Yan was doomed ââ¬â a number of generals and officials had defected back to the Tang side. On February 17, 763, Tang troops cut off the self-proclaimed Yan emperor Shi Chaoyi. Rather than facing capture, Shi committed suicide, bringing the An Lushan Rebellion to a close. Consequences Although the Tang eventually defeated the An Lushan Rebellion, the effort left the empire weaker than ever. Later in 763, the Tibetan Empire retook its Central Asian holdings from Tang and even captured the Tang capital of Changan. The Tang had been forced to borrow not only troops but also money from the Uighurs ââ¬â to pay those debts, the Chinese gave up control of the Tarim Basin. Internally, the Tang emperors lost significant political power to warlords all around the periphery of their lands. This problem would plague the Tang right up until its dissolution in 907, which marked Chinas descent into the chaotic Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.
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